Intangiriro kuri Polyolefins na Extrusion ya Film
Polyolefins, ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bya macromolecular biva muri olefin monomers nka ethylene na propylene, ni byo pulasitiki ikorwa kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Ikwirakwira ryabyo rituruka ku miterere idasanzwe, harimo igiciro gito, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya neza, ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire, n'imiterere y'umubiri ijyanye nayo. Mu mikoreshereze itandukanye ya polyolefins, ibicuruzwa bya filime bifite umwanya ukomeye, bikora imirimo y'ingenzi mu gupfunyika ibiryo, gupfunyika mu buhinzi, gupfunyika mu nganda, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi n'isuku, ndetse n'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa buri munsi. Resine za polyolefin zikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora filime harimo polyethylene (PE) - ikubiyemo Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), na High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) - na polypropylene (PP).
Gukora filime za polyolefin bishingiye ahanini ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gusohora, aho Blown Film Extrusion na Cast Film Extrusion ari byo bintu bibiri by'ingenzi.
1. Uburyo bwo Gusohora Filimi Ishyushye
Gusohora filime zishyushye ni bumwe mu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukora filime za polyolefin. Ihame ry'ibanze rikubiyemo gusohora polimeri ishongeshejwe ihagaze hejuru binyuze mu cyuma gifunganye, bigakora parison y'urukuta ruto ifite umuyoboro. Nyuma yaho, umwuka ufunze winjizwa imbere muri iyi parison, bigatuma ijyamo igicumbe gifite umurambararo munini cyane kuruta uw'icyuma. Uko igicumbe kizamuka, gikonjeshwa ku ngufu kandi kigakomera n'impeta y'umwuka yo hanze. Hanyuma igicumbe gikonje gisenywa n'urukuta rw'imashini (akenshi binyuze mu gikoresho gisenyuka cyangwa A-frame) hanyuma kigakururwa n'ibyuma bifunganye mbere yo gufatirwa ku muzingo. Uburyo bwa filime ishyushye bukunze gutanga filime zifite icyerekezo cya biaxial, bivuze ko zigaragaza uburinganire bwiza bw'imiterere ya mashini haba mu cyerekezo cy'imashini (MD) no mu cyerekezo gica mu nzira (TD), nko gukomera, kudacika, n'imbaraga z'ingaruka. Ubunini bwa filime n'imiterere ya mashini bishobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe guhindura igipimo cyo guturika (BUR - igipimo cy'umurambararo wa bubble kuri diameter ya die) n'igipimo cyo gukurura (DDR - igipimo cy'umuvuduko wo gufata uvuye ku muvuduko wo guturika).
2. Uburyo bwo Gusohora Filimi y'Abakinnyi
Gusohora filime y'icyuma ni indi nzira y'ingenzi yo gukora filime za polyolefin, cyane cyane ikoreshwa mu gukora filime zisaba imiterere myiza y'urumuri (urugero: ubwiza bwinshi, ubwiza bwinshi) n'ubugari bwiza cyane. Muri ubu buryo, polimeri ishongeshejwe isohoka mu buryo butambitse binyuze mu gikoresho cya T-die gifunganye, kigakora urukuta rusa neza. Hanyuma uru rukuta rukururwa vuba ku buso bw'imizingo imwe cyangwa myinshi ikonje imbere mu buryo bwihuta. Ishonga ikomera vuba iyo ikoze ku buso bukonje. Muri rusange filime z'icyuma zifite imiterere myiza y'urumuri, kumva koroshye, no gufunga neza ubushyuhe. Kugenzura neza icyuho cy'iminwa y'icyuma, ubushyuhe bw'imizingo y'icyuma, n'umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka bituma habaho kugenzura neza ubunini bwa filime n'ubwiza bw'ubuso.
Ibibazo 6 bya mbere byo gusohora filime ya Polyolefin
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga ryo gusohora ibikoresho rimaze igihe kinini, abakora ibikoresho bakunze guhura n'ingorane nyinshi mu gutunganya filime za polyolefin, cyane cyane iyo baharanira umusaruro mwinshi, imikorere myiza, ubushobozi bwo gupima ibintu bito, ndetse no iyo bakoresha resins nshya zifite imikorere myiza. Ibi bibazo ntibigira ingaruka gusa ku musaruro uhamye ahubwo bigira ingaruka ku ireme ry'umusaruro n'igiciro cyawo. Imbogamizi zikomeye zirimo:
1. Gucikagurika kw'ibice by'urukiramende (Sharkskin): Iyi ni imwe mu nenge zikunze kugaragara mu gusohora filime ya polyolefin. Mu buryo bwa macroscopic, igaragara nk'imitsi ihindagurika buri gihe cyangwa ubuso butari bwiza kuri filime, cyangwa mu bihe bikomeye, guhindagurika cyane. Gucikagurika kw'ibice by'urukiramende bibaho cyane cyane iyo igipimo cyo gushonga kwa polymer kiva muri filime kirenze agaciro gakomeye, bigatuma habaho guhindagurika hagati y'urukuta rw'urukiramende n'ingufu nyinshi, cyangwa iyo imbaraga zo kongera uburebure ku ndunduro y'urukiramende zirenze imbaraga zo gushonga. Iyi nenge ibangamira cyane imiterere y'urukiramende (uburangare, ubwiza), uburyo bworoshye bwo hejuru, kandi ishobora no kwangiza imiterere yayo ya mekanike n'iy'urukiramende.
2. Die Drool / Die Bulk-up: Ibi bivuga kwirundanya buhoro buhoro kw'ibicuruzwa byangiritse bya polymer, ibice bike by'uburemere bwa molekile, inyongera zitatanye neza (urugero: ibara, ibintu birwanya static, slip agents), cyangwa gels ziva muri resin ku nkengero z'iminwa cyangwa mu mwobo w'ifiriti. Ibi bisigazwa bishobora gutandukana mu gihe cyo gukora, bikanduza ubuso bwa filime bigatera inenge nka gels, imirongo, cyangwa imishwanyaguro, bityo bigira ingaruka ku isura n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Mu bihe bikomeye, ubwinshi bw'ifiriti bushobora kuziba inzira yo gusohokamo, bigatera impinduka mu gipimo, gucika kwa filime, ndetse amaherezo bigatuma umurongo w'umusaruro ufungwa kugira ngo hasukurwe ifiriti, bigatera igihombo gikomeye mu mikorere myiza no gupfusha ubusa ibikoresho fatizo.
3. Umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusohora no guhinduka kw'ibice: Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane iyo hakorwa resins zifite ubukana bwinshi cyangwa hakoreshejwe icyuho gito cy'ibice, umuvuduko uri muri sisitemu yo gusohora (cyane cyane ku mutwe w'ibice n'ibice by ...
4. Umusaruro muke: Kugira ngo hirindwe cyangwa bigabanye ibibazo nko gushonga no kwiyongera kw'ibice, abakora ibikoresho bakunze kugabaniriza umuvuduko wa vis yo gusohora, bityo bikagabanya umusaruro w'umuyoboro w'ibikoresho. Ibi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku musaruro no ku giciro cyo gukora kuri buri gikoresho, bigatuma bigorana guhaza ibyifuzo by'isoko bya filime nini kandi zihendutse.
5. Ingorane mu kugenzura igipimo: Kudahuzagurika mu gutembera kw'amazi ashongeshejwe, gukwirakwira k'ubushyuhe ku buryo budahuye ku gice cy'amazi, ndetse no kwiyongera kw'amazi bishobora kugira uruhare mu guhindagurika k'ubugari bwa firime, haba mu buryo bunyuranyije n'ubugari ndetse no mu buryo burambuye. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya firime nyuma yo kuyitunganya ndetse n'imiterere yayo mu mikoreshereze yayo.
6. Guhindura Resin Igoye: Iyo uhinduranya ubwoko butandukanye cyangwa urwego rwa polyolefin resins, cyangwa iyo uhinduranya amabara menshi, ibisigaye by’ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mbere akenshi biragoye kubikuraho burundu mu gikoresho cyo gusohora ibintu hanyuma bigapfa. Ibi bituma ibikoresho bishaje n’ibishya bihurira hamwe, bigatanga ibikoresho byo guhindura ibintu, bikongera igihe cyo guhindura ibintu, kandi bikongera igipimo cy’ibisigazwa.
Izi mbogamizi zisanzwe zo gutunganya filime zibangamira imbaraga z’abakora filime za polyolefin mu kongera ireme ry’ibicuruzwa no gukora neza, ndetse bikanatera inzitizi mu gukoresha ibikoresho bishya n’uburyo bugezweho bwo gutunganya filime. Kubwibyo, gushaka ibisubizo bifatika byo gukemura izi ngorane ni ingenzi ku iterambere rirambye kandi rirambye ry’inganda zose zitunganya filime za polyolefin.
Ibikoresho bifasha gutunganya polymer (PPAs) ni inyongeramusaruro zifite akamaro kanini mu kunoza imyitwarire ya rheological ya polymer ishonga mu gihe cyo kuyisohora no guhindura uburyo ikorana n'ibikoresho, bityo bigakemura ibibazo bitandukanye byo kuyitunganya no kongera imikorere myiza n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro.
1. PPA zishingiye kuri fluoropolymer
Imiterere n'Ibiranga Ubutabire: Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa PPA bukoreshwa cyane, bugezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, kandi bugaragaza ko bufite akamaro kanini. Ubusanzwe ni homopolymer cyangwa copolymer zishingiye kuri monomers za fluoroolefin nka vinylidene fluoride (VDF), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), na tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), aho fluoroelastomer ari zo zigaragara cyane. Imiyoboro ya molekile y'izi PPA ikungahaye ku ngufu nyinshi, polarity low-polarity CF bonds, itanga imiterere yihariye ya fizikiki: ingufu nke cyane zo ku buso (nk'ubwa polytetrafluoroethylene/Teflon®), ubushyuhe bwiza, no kudakora neza kwa shimi. Mu by'ukuri, PPA za fluoropolymer muri rusange ntizihuza neza na polyolefin matrices zitari polar (nka PE, PP). Uku kudahuza ni ingenzi kugira ngo zijye ku buso bw'icyuma bw'icyuma, aho zikora irangi rikoresha amavuta.
Ibicuruzwa Bihagarariye: Ibirango bikomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya PPA za fluoropolymer birimo urukurikirane rwa Chemours rwa Viton™ FreeFlow™ na 3M rwa Dynamar™, bifite isoko rinini. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa fluoropolymer buva muri Arkema (urukurikirane rwa Kynar®) na Solvay (Tecnoflon®) nabyo bikoreshwa nk'ibice by'ingenzi muri, formulaire za PPA.
2. Ibikoresho Bifasha Gutunganya Ibikoresho Bishingiye kuri Silikoni (PPAs)
Imiterere n'Ibiranga Ubutabire: Ibice by'ingenzi bikora muri uru rwego rwa PPA ni polysiloxanes, bikunze kwitwa silicones. Uruti rw'umugongo rwa polysiloxane rugizwe na atome za silikoni na ogisijeni zisimburana (-Si-O-), hamwe n'amatsinda y'ibinyabuzima (akenshi methyl) afatanye na atome za silikoni. Iyi miterere yihariye ya molekile itanga ibikoresho bya silikoni bifite umuvuduko muke cyane w'ubuso, ubushyuhe buhamye, ubworoherane bwiza, n'ubushobozi budafatana ku bintu byinshi. Kimwe na PPA za fluoropolymer, PPA zishingiye kuri silikoni zikora zimukira ku buso bw'icyuma bw'ibikoresho bitunganya kugira ngo zikore urwego rwo kwisiga.
Ibiranga ikoreshwa: Nubwo PPA za fluoropolymer ziganza urwego rwo gusohora filime ya polyolefin, PPA zishingiye kuri silicone zishobora kugaragaza inyungu zidasanzwe cyangwa zigatanga ingaruka zidasanzwe iyo zikoreshejwe mu buryo bwihariye bwo gukoreshwa cyangwa hamwe na sisitemu runaka ya resin. Urugero, zishobora kwitabwaho mu ikoreshwa risaba coefficients nke cyane zo gukururana cyangwa aho imiterere yihariye y'ubuso ikenewe ku musaruro wa nyuma.
Uhanganye n'ibibazo byo kubuza fluoropolymer cyangwa imbogamizi zo gutanga PTFE?
Gukemura ibibazo byo gukuramo filime ya Polyolefin ukoresheje ibisubizo bya PPA bidafite PFAS-Inyongera za polimeri zidafite fluorine za SILIKE
SILIKE ikoresha uburyo bwo gukora ibintu byayo bya serivise ya SILIMER, itanga udushyaUburyo bwo gutunganya polymer budafite PFAS (PPAS)). Uyu murongo wuzuye w'ibicuruzwa urimo PPAS 100% zidafite PFAS,Inyongeramusaruro za PPA polymer zidafite fluorine, naPPA masterbatches zidafite PFAS kandi zidafite fluorine.Bygukuraho ibura ry'inyongera za fluorine, izi nganda zifasha cyane kunoza uburyo bwo gukora LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE, mLLDPE, PP, n'izindi nzira zitandukanye zo gusohora filime za polyolefin. Zihuza n'amabwiriza agezweho yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse zikongera imikorere myiza, zigabanya igihe cyo gukora, kandi zikongera ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa muri rusange. PPA za SILIKE zidafite PFAS zizana inyungu ku bicuruzwa bya nyuma, harimo gukuraho gushonga kw'uruhu rw'ingufu (sharkskin), koroshya uburyohe, no kugira ubwiza bw'ubuso bwiza.
Niba uhanganye n'ingaruka zo guhagarika fluoropolymer cyangwa ibura rya PTFE mu mikorere yawe yo gusohora polymer, SILIKE itangaubundi buryo bwo gukoresha fluoropolymer PPAs/PTFE, Inyongeramusaruro zidafite PFAS zo gukora filimebyagenewe ibyo ukeneye, nta mpinduka mu mikorere zikenewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-15-2025
